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Thursday, November 30

The Pursuit of Knowledge

I read an article yesterday on this device, an ancient Greek analog computer that calculated star and planetary positions using a complex system of perhaps as many as 37 differential gears (a mechanical concept believed until the discovery of the Antikythera mechanism to have been devised in the 16th century). It's delightfully ingenious and complex and far outshines anything built by any culture after the Greeks for at least a thousand years, if not until the Renaissance itself. Wow.

The article led me to think about the huge gap between the accomplishments of the Greek culture and the rediscovery (independently or based on recovered Greek manuscripts) of that learning almost 2,000 years later. Of course, saying "the Greeks were brilliant" based on a handful of very brilliant men is comparable to saying "Americans are brilliant" because Einstein formulated relativity theory; the clarification of terminology, however, doesn't lessen the accomplishments of specific Greek citizens. Ignoring, for the sake of brevity and not out of lack of appreciation, the Greek advancements in politics, literature, history, geography and ethics, and assuming familiarity with the accomplishments of such notable names as Aristotle and Archimedes, I present the following points of advanced science that were first pioneered by Greek luminaries and subsequently lost for the duration of the Dark Ages:

-Eratosthenes not only knew the earth was a sphere, but calculated its circumference to a degree of accuracy not surpassed until fairly modern times (his result: approx. 25,000 miles; actual result: 24,901).

-Democritus proposed the idea that matter was made up of atoms, bits that varied in size and were in constant motion and could be combined together in different combinations to make different kinds of matter, a concept that wouldn't be proven for thousands of years.

-Aristarchus of Samos devised a heliocentric model of the solar system almost 2,000 years before Copernicus and calculated the distance from the Earth to the sun.

-Hipparchus accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the moon and described the orbital motions of the sun and moon.

-Euclid became the father of geometry with the publication of his "Elements," one of the cornerstones of modern mathematics and second only to the Bible in number of editions published after the invention of the printing press.

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